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　　挪威船级社（DNV）海事首席运营官（the chief operating officer of DNV Maritime）

　　近期，国际海事组织（IMO）宣布推迟一年表决净零框架协议，一年后会否继续延迟？航运业净零排放目前的最大挑战何在？挪威船级社（DNV）海事首席运营官Cristina Saenz de Santa María（克莉丝蒂娜）近日接受本刊专访时表示，受到复杂的地缘政治影响，很难预测进一步拖延的可能性有多大。航运业净零排放遇到的主要挑战是监管的不确定性，缺乏明确、一致的国际框架将使投资复杂化，并减缓新解决方案的推广和发展。

　　Recently, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has postponed the implementation of the net-zero framework agreement by one year, is it possible to continue the delay after one year? What are the biggest difficulties in achieving net-zero emissions in the shipping industry at present? Cristina Saenz de Santa Maria, the chief operating officer of DNV Maritime, said in an exclusive interview with the Shipping Exchange Bulletin that due to the influence of complex geopolitics, it is difficult to predict how likely further delays are. The main challenge faced by the shipping industry in achieving net-zero emissions is the uncertainty of regulation. The lack of a clear and consistent international framework will complicate investment and slow down the promotion of new solutions.

　　谈及企业发展，克莉丝蒂娜表示，希望与DNV相关的三个关键词是独立的、前瞻性的和可靠的。DNV倡导可预测的政策，并通过独立的保证和技术专长支持行业成熟的技术及建立供应链，目标是成为值得信赖的合作伙伴，在整个行业中实现更安全、更可持续、更先进的数字化运营。

　　When it comes to the development of the enterprise, Cristina Saenz de Santa Maria expressed that the three keywords we want associated with DNV are independent, forward-looking, and reliable. DNV advocates for predictable policies and supports the industry in maturing technologies and building supply chains through independent assurance and technical expertise. Its goal is to be a trusted partner that enables safer, more sustainable, and digitally advanced operations across the industry.

　　宏观展望：行业变革与战略定位

　　Macro Outlook: Industry Transformation and Strategic Positioning

　　本刊：您认为当前全球海事行业正面临哪三大根本变革？DNV如何定义自己在这场变革中的角色——是规则的跟随者、制定者，还是赋能者？

　　SSEBU: What do you consider the three most fundamental changes currently facing the global maritime industry? How does DNV define its role in this transformation—a follower of rules, a maker of rules, or an enabler?

　　克莉丝蒂娜：海运业发展迅速，正处于历史上最复杂、最具变革性的时期之一。它正在被三股既深刻又不可预测的力量重塑。首先，地缘政治的紧张局势和市场的不可预测性使全球贸易路线变得越来越不可预测且成本越来越高。其次，脱碳正在主导和定义监管议程，影响投资决策和运营考量。最后，技术正在加速发展，最突出的是行业的快速数字化。它虽然提高了运营效率，支持了法规遵从的便利性，促进了新商业模式的生成，但也带来了一些不确定性。DNV将自身定义为推动者，支持行业将不断发展的法规转化为实际的解决方案。为此，我们制定行业规则，认证新兴燃料和技术，并提供独立的、有证据支撑的分析。我们的重点是促进实施，共享经过验证的数据，并授权利益相关者做出明智的决策，从而促进行业安全和可持续发展。

　　Cristina Saenz de Santa María: The maritime industry is moving fast and navigating one of the most complex and transformative periods in its history. It is being reshaped by three main forces that are both profound and unpredictable. Firstly, geopolitical tensions and unpredictable markets are making global trade routes less predictable and more expensive. Secondly, decarbonization is dominating and defining the regulatory agenda, influencing investment decisions and operational considerations. Lastly, technologies are developing at an accelerated pace, most prominently a rapid digitalization of the industry, which is unlocking operational efficiencies, supporting regulatory compliance, and facilitating new business models, but also creating some uncertainty. DNV defines its role as an enabler, supporting the industry in translating evolving regulations into practical solutions. We do this by developing class rules, certifying emerging fuels and technologies, and providing independent, evidence-based analysis. Our focus is on facilitating implementation, sharing verified data, and empowering stakeholders to make informed decisions that advance safe and sustainable progress.

　　本刊：在DNV最新的战略规划中，将“安全”“可持续”和“数字化”作为核心。为何是这三者的结合？它们之间如何相互促进，又是否存在内在的冲突与权衡？

　　SSEBU: DNV’s latest strategic plan identifies "safety," "sustainability," and "digitalization" as its core pillars. Why the combination of these three factors? How do they mutually reinforce each other, and are there inherent conflicts or trade-offs among them?

　　克莉丝蒂娜：安全性、可持续性和数字化，包括一系列不同的技术和服务，例如人工智能——DNV战略的基础，它们相辅相成，对行业的未来至关重要。安全，是每项创新的基础，确保负责任地引入新的燃料和系统。可持续性，推动了行业向低排放和遵守全球气候目标的过渡。数字化，提高了透明度、数据驱动决策和运营效率。虽然三个要素之间存在需要权衡的点，例如快速创新与安全实践之间的权衡，但DNV的方法是整合优先事项，提高透明度，并提供实用的解决方案，以支持行业长期且有弹性的发展。

　　Cristina Saenz de Santa María: Safety, sustainability, and digitalization – a broad term which covers all parts of the industry and includes a range of different technologies and services, including AI – are the foundation of DNV’s strategy because they are mutually reinforcing and essential for the industry’s future. Safety underpins every innovation, ensuring that new fuels and systems are introduced responsibly. Sustainability drives the transition to lower emissions and compliance with global climate goals. Digitalization enables transparency, data-driven decision-making, and operational efficiency. While there can be trade-offs, such as balancing rapid innovation with established safety practices, DNV’s approach is to integrate these priorities, promote transparency, and deliver practical solutions that support the industry’s long-term resilience.

　　核心业务：能源转型与规范演进

　　Core Business: Energy Transition and Regulatory Evolution

　　本刊：IMO推迟一年表决净零框架协议，您认为一年后继续延迟的可能性有多大？ 航运业净零排放的最大挑战是什么？您认为主要将从哪些方面予以完善？

　　SSEBU: The IMO has postponed the implementation of the net-zero framework agreement by one year. How likely do you think it is that the implementation will be delayed further after one year? What are the biggest challenges in achieving net-zero emissions in the shipping industry? In your opinion, what aspects will be supplemented and improved over the next year?

　　克莉丝蒂娜：净零框架表决的推迟为行业提供了一个机会，将使其在执行方面更加明确，且更容易达成共识。由于这一进程受到复杂地缘政治的影响，很难预测进一步拖延的可能性有多大。这其中遇到的主要挑战是监管的不确定性，行业需要一个统一的全球框架，以及替代燃料的规模化生产。在接下来的一年里，相关工作将集中于最后确定技术准则，包括排放因素、认证程序和奖励机制。在关注净零框架进一步发展的同时，我们将继续致力于为行业提供独立的指导和技术保障。

　　Cristina Saenz de Santa María: The postponement of the net-zero framework provides an opportunity for greater clarity and consensus on implementation. Further delays are difficult to predict, as the process is shaped by complex geopolitical dynamics. The main challenges are regulatory uncertainty, the need for a harmonized global framework, and scaling up alternative fuel production. Over the next year, efforts will focus on finalizing technical guidelines, including emission factors, certification processes, and incentive structures. We remain committed to supporting the industry with independent guidance and technical assurance as these frameworks evolve.

　　本刊：在甲醇、氨、氢、生物燃料等多种替代方案并存的“燃料万花筒”时代，DNV认为不存在“唯一赢家”。那么，船东应基于什么框架来作出决策？DNV的《能源转型展望》报告对此有何具体建议？

　　SSEBU: In an era of a "fuel kaleidoscope" with multiple alternative fuel options such as methanol, ammonia, hydrogen, and biofuels, DNV believes there is no "single winner." So, what framework should shipowners use to make decisions? What specific recommendations does DNV’s "Energy Transition Outlook" report provide on this matter?

　　克莉丝蒂娜：可替代燃料没有通用的解决方案，燃料决策和船舶设计的灵活性至关重要。DNV建议船东优先考虑节能措施，这些措施须可立即产生效益，并可促进未来的燃料转换。在数字优化的支持下，船东应该从运营和技术升级开始，同时保持燃料转换的灵活性。每个船东都应该基于经过验证的性能数据和不断变化的市场情况，评估其船队的最佳措施组合。

　　Cristina Saenz de Santa María: There is no universal solution for alternative fuels; flexibility in both fuel strategy and vessel design is essential. DNV recommends that shipowners prioritize energy efficiency measures, which deliver immediate benefits and facilitate future fuel transitions. Owners should start with operational and technical upgrades, supported by digital optimization, while maintaining flexibility for future fuel adoption. Each owner should assess the optimal combination of measures for their fleet, guided by verified performance data and evolving market conditions.

　　本刊：面对日益复杂的CII、EEXI、EU ETS等法规，DNV如何通过“航行数字孪生”和合规管理平台等工具，帮助船东不仅满足合规要求，更能实现运营优化和成本节约？

　　SSEBU: In the face of increasingly complex regulations such as CII, EEXI, and EU ETS, how does DNV leverage tools like "Navigational Digital Twin" and compliance management platform to help shipowners not only meet regulatory requirements but also achieve operational optimization and cost savings?

　　克莉丝蒂娜：DNV的“航行数字孪生”和合规管理平台为船东提供了集成的数字化解决方案，用于监测、报告和验证排放和运营数据。这些工具能够主动遵守CII、EEXI和EU ETS等法规，同时还能优化运营，提高成本效益。通过这些集中且经过验证的数据，船东可以作出明智的决策，及时抓住效益机会，对监管变化做到心中有数。

　　Cristina Saenz de Santa María: DNV’s Navigational Digital Twin and compliance management platform provide shipowners with integrated digital solutions for monitoring, reporting, and verifying emissions and operational data. These tools enable proactive compliance with regulations such as CII, EEXI, and EU ETS, while also supporting operational optimization and cost efficiency. By centralizing and validating data, shipowners can make informed decisions, identify efficiency opportunities, and adapt to regulatory changes with confidence.

　　本刊：氨、氢等的安全挑战是行业普及的关键瓶颈。在制定这些新燃料的规范标准时，DNV遇到了哪些前所未有的技术难题？目前取得了哪些关键进展？

　　SSEBU: Safety challenges associated with new fuels like ammonia and hydrogen are critical bottlenecks to their widespread adoption in the industry. What unprecedented technical difficulties has DNV encountered while developing standards and regulations for these new fuels? What key progress has been made so far?

　　克莉丝蒂娜：在将氨和氢整合为船舶燃料的过程中，海运业目前正面临着一个陡峭的学习曲线，因为氨和氢两种燃料都带来了一系列与传统燃料截然不同的风险。氨的毒性和氢的可燃性以及储存方面的挑战需要在船舶设计、船员培训和应急响应方面进行新的思考。对于氨来说，即使是轻微的泄漏也是危险的，所以从容器到通风以及机组人员逃生路线等等因素都必须重新考虑。与此同时，氢气很容易泄漏和着火，而它在低温或高压下的储存又增加了一层复杂性。

　　Cristina Saenz de Santa María：The maritime industry is facing a steep learning curve as it works to safely integrate ammonia and hydrogen as ship fuels. Both bring a set of risks that are fundamentally different from conventional fuels. Ammonia’s toxicity and hydrogen’s flammability and storage challenges require new thinking in ship design, crew training, and emergency response. For ammonia, even minor leaks can be hazardous, so everything from containment to ventilation and crew escape routes has to be reconsidered. Hydrogen, meanwhile, is prone to leakage and ignition, and its storage at cryogenic temperatures or high pressures adds another layer of complexity.

　　好消息是，行业正取得进展：国际临时指导方针已经出台，发动机和燃油系统技术不断进步，试点项目也提供了宝贵的运营经验。然而，监管环境持续变动，审批过程在很大程度上依赖于风险评估而不是说明性规则。简而言之，这些燃料的安全采用将取决于整个行业的持续合作、知识共享和强有力的安全保障。

　　The good thing is that the industry is making progress: interim international guidelines are now in place, engine and fuel system technologies are advancing, and pilot projects are providing valuable operational experience. However, the regulatory landscape is still evolving, and much of the approval process relies on risk-based assessments rather than prescriptive rules. Ultimately, the safe adoption of these fuels will depend on continued collaboration, knowledge sharing, and a strong safety culture across the sector.

　　中国市场：规划与合作

　　Chinese Market: Planning and Collaboration

　　本刊：中国市场对DNV全球业务的重要性体现在哪些方面？未来在中国，除了传统的船舶入级服务，DNV计划在哪些新领域加深布局？

　　SSEBU: How important is the Chinese market to DNV’s global business? Beyond traditional ship classification services, in which new areas (such as offshore wind, green inland waterway shipping, and smart ships) does DNV plan to widen its strategy in China?

　　克莉丝蒂娜：中国是DNV的关键市场，中国在造船、能源和海事创新方面具有领导地位。除了传统的船级社业务外，DNV还在海上风电、绿色内河航运和智能船舶技术领域扩大了自己的影响力。这些领域符合中国脱碳和数字化的优先重点战略，我们在安全、环境绩效和数字系统方面的专业知识支持整个行业采用先进的解决方案。

　　Cristina Saenz de Santa María：China is a pivotal market for DNV, reflecting the country’s leadership in shipbuilding, energy, and maritime innovation. Beyond traditional classification, DNV is expanding its presence in offshore wind, green inland waterway shipping, and smart ship technologies. These areas align with China’s priorities for decarbonization and digitalization, and our expertise in safety, environmental performance, and digital systems supports the adoption of advanced solutions across the sector.

　　本刊：DNV如何与中国领先的船厂、设计院和船东合作，共同开发适应中国市场特点的技术解决方案和标准？例如，在绿色甲醇燃料供应链的建设中，DNV扮演了什么角色？

　　SSEBU: How does DNV collaborate with leading Chinese shipyards, design institutes, and shipowners to jointly develop technical solutions and standards tailored to the characteristics of the Chinese market? For example, what role does DNV play in the development of the green methanol fuel supply chain?

　　克莉丝蒂娜：我们通过联合研究、技术研讨会和运营经验分享等方式，与中国造船厂、设计院和船东密切合作。这一合作伙伴关系使双方能够开发量身定制的技术解决方案和标准，以满足中国市场的具体需求。在绿色甲醇供应链方面，DNV通过制定技术标准、支持试点项目、提供风险管理和法规合规方面的指导，确保供应流程安全有效地实施。

　　Cristina Saenz de Santa María：We collaborate closely with Chinese shipyards, design institutes, and shipowners through joint research, technical workshops, and operational experience sharing. This partnership enables the development of tailored technical solutions and standards that address China’s specific needs. In the green methanol supply chain, DNV contributes by developing technical standards, supporting pilot projects, and providing guidance on risk management and regulatory compliance, ensuring safe and effective adoption.

　　展望未来：挑战与愿景

　　Looking Ahead: Challenges and Vision

　　本刊：您认为实现航运业2050年净零排放目标的最大障碍是什么？

　　SSEBU: What do you believe is the biggest obstacle to achieving the shipping industry’s 2050 net-zero emissions target? Is it technological maturity, fuel availability, capital investment, or global regulatory uncertainty?

　　克莉丝蒂娜：实现2050年净零排放目标受到技术成熟度、燃料可用性、资本投资和监管不确定性的挑战。缺乏明确、一致的国际框架往往是最大的障碍，因为它使投资复杂化，并减缓新解决方案的推广。DNV倡导可预测的政策，支持成熟技术及建立供应链。

　　Cristina Saenz de Santa María：Achieving the 2050 net-zero target is challenged by technological maturity, fuel availability, capital investment, and regulatory uncertainty. The absence of clear, consistent international frameworks is often the most significant barrier, as it complicates investment and slows the scaling of new solutions. DNV advocates for predictable policies and supports the industry in maturing technologies and building supply chains through independent assurance and technical expertise.

　　本刊：展望2030年，当人们提到DNV时，您最希望他们联想到的三个关键词是什么？

　　SSEBU: Looking ahead to 2030, what kind of company do you hope DNV will become? When people mention DNV, what three keywords do you most want them to associate with the company?

　　克莉丝蒂娜：我们希望与DNV相关的三个关键词是独立的、前瞻性的和可靠的。我们的目标是成为值得信赖的合作伙伴，在整个行业中实现更安全、更可持续、更先进的数字化运营。

　　Cristina Saenz de Santa María：The three keywords we want associated with DNV are independent, forward-looking, and reliable. Our ambition is to be the trusted partner that enables safer, more sustainable, and digitally advanced operations across the industry.